Rome+By.+PH+CT+MG+NL

 ROME  __Vocabulary__ -NL Extent of Roman Empire 117 A.D. -NL
 * Republic - citizens select representatives who vote on everything
 * Patrician - rich citizen, upper class political party
 * Plebeian - poor citizen, lower class political party
 * Tribune - Plebeian elected officer
 * Consul - 2 people elected to lead for 1 year
 * Senate - an assembly of citizens with high legislative functions
 * Dictator - absolute ruler
 * Legion - an army unit that consisted of 80 smaller units that was very versatile
 * Triumvirate - government by three people
 * Absolute Ruler - dictator/emperor
 * <span style="color: rgb(9, 11, 10);">Constantine - first emperor to accept christianity, split the empire in two
 * <span style="color: rgb(21, 21, 20);">Heresy - not conforming to orthodox position
 * <span style="color: rgb(5, 5, 5);">Pax Romana - 200 years of peace in Rome
 * <span style="color: rgb(8, 8, 7);">Gravitas - weightiness
 * <span style="color: rgb(3, 3, 2);">Gladiator - slaves that fought for others entertainment and their own freedom
 * <span style="color: rgb(5, 5, 5);">Inflation - rise in gerneral level in the prices of goods and services
 * <span style="color: rgb(16, 20, 17);">Mercenaries - soldiers for hire, no nationality
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The Huns - central asian nomads, __fierce__
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Aqueducts - large structures used to transport water with gravity
 * <span style="color: rgb(8, 8, 7);">Jesus - in Christianity he is the son of God
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Apostle - one of Jesus's disciples
 * <span style="color: rgb(16, 16, 14);">Peter - the one apostle
 * <span style="color: rgb(12, 19, 11);">Paul - helped spread Christianity
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Bishop - high ranking Christian cleric
 * <span style="color: rgb(12, 14, 12);">Pope <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">- Bishop of Rome, leader of Roman Catholic Church

Roman Aqueduct -NL Primary Source:

"...Romans, never forget that government is your medium? Be this your art:-to practice men in habit of peace, Generosity to the conquered, and firmness against agressors." Virgil, //Aneid// -NL

<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(247, 237, 238); background-color: rgb(222, 13, 13);">__**Important Concepts**__: <span style="color: rgb(242, 13, 13);"> __REPUBLIC TRANSFORMS TO AN EMPIRE__ - Before the Empire started by Ceasar Rome was a Republic. Ceasar originaly gained power through election as a consul and was part of a triumvirate of three men that ruled Rome for 10 years. Ceasar disobeyed one of the senates orders and caused a civil war. His army took control of Rome and he held popular support. In 44 B.C.E he was named dictator for life. During his rule he granted citizenship to many and started many public works creating many new jobs. After his death another civil war broke out again and destroyed what was left of the Roman Republic. Augustus becomes Emperor in 27 B.C.E. and so begins the Pax Romana an era of Roman peace that would last for over 200 years.-NL/MG

<span style="color: rgb(245, 25, 25);">__GOVERNMENT__ - Rome was built around its government. It was built up of the two consuls and the senate. While the title of the Roman government changed from Republic to Dictatorship to Empire the senate mainly stayed in tact and always had a say in Roman politics. -MG

<span style="color: rgb(238, 17, 17);">__EMPIRE__ - The Empire of Rome expanded throughout most of Europe and into Africa and Asia ss shown in the map above. During the empire the economy was based very much on trade with the east. The Romans granted citizenship to those that served in the army and Augustus set up civil services that kept the empire very efficient and fair to all.-NL/MG

<span style="color: rgb(244, 11, 11);">__REPUBLIC__ - When the Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king they declared that Rome shall never be ruled by kings again. They came up with the idea of a Republic which in Latin means public affairs. The power in the republic was in the hands of the citizens who vote to elect their leaders. The Romans only granted citizenship to free-born males however. The senate was made up of mostly patricians and they allowed the plebeians to elect their own representitives called tribunes. It was under the republic that the twelve tables was established to guarantee protection under the law. -NL/MG <span style="color: rgb(242, 24, 24);"> __CHRISTIANITY__ - The Jewish land Judea was under Roman control during the rise of Christianity. Jesus, born around 6-4 B.C.E. taught many Jewish traditions such as monotheism, the 10 commandments, and Gods relationship with each and every person. He valued the love for God, your neigbours, and even your enemies and that God would one day end the wickedness. Christianity however did not catch on as a respectable religion until the apostle Paul began preaching that Jesus was the son of god and died for everyones sins and even then there was still persecution. It would take more than 300 years after Jesus's death for his beliefs to become those of the Roman Empire. In 313 A.D the emperor Constantine ended the persecution of Christians and declared it one the religions approved by the emperor and in 380 A.D. the emperor Theodosius made it the religion of the empire. -NL

<span style="color: rgb(243, 22, 22);">__The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire__ - The end of expansion caused the stop of the constant resources that the empire depended upon. Rich patricians that spent gold and silver on foreign goods depleted the wealth of Rome. Constant wars proved costly and slowly chipped away at the empire. Several emperors attempt reform but to no avail, seeing the desparity Constantine moves the capitol to the Greek city of Byzantium where he added massive walls with imperial buildings modeled after Rome. It was now called Constantinople. An immediate reason as to the fall of the empire was Germanic invasions.The Huns, Visigoths, Franks, Burgundians and Vandals all sorrounded the empire disrupting trade and causing mass famine. **The Roman Empire however did not fall, it moved**. While the western half crumbled the eastern half would thrive for hundreds of years.-NL __ <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(9, 13, 139);"> Top 10 things to know __ -CT: [|regents prep][|Timeline of Ancient Rome]
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">Republic - senate, consuls, Tribune, and (in times of trouble only) dictator
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">Empire - Beginning of Pax Romana, golden age
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">Founding in 753 BCE Romulus and Remus
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">Julius Caesar - assassinated march 15, 44 BCE, Established absolute ruler
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">Octavian Agustus - first emperor
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">Extent of empire and military conquest
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">"Fall" of the Empire - The empire did not fall, the empire moved to new capital, the western empire was destroyed by many invaders including the Huns, Visigoths, and Franks
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">Pax Romana - 207 years peace, golden age
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">Use of arches and keystone - provided greater strength and stability for structure
 * <span style="color: rgb(6, 26, 157);">12 tables - law code so laws were not up to the judges interpretation and guaranteed rights of all peopl