The+Rise+Of+Islam

BY RACHEL SKILLMAN AND ADRIENNE KAPLAN

Vocab

 * **Bedouins** - nomadic herders, used camels, Arabia.
 * **The Quran** - sacred text, book containing sacred word of God as revealed to Muhammad.
 * **Islam** - religion, monotheistic, followed by Muslims, Muhammad, means submission
 * **Mecca**- Arabian town, Muhammad's home, home to Islam, all Muslims must make journey there
 * **Beliefs of Islam**- Monotheistic, The Quran, people responsible for actions, God is all powerful and compassionate, heaven and hell, judgment day, five pillars, mosques, no representations/images, Muhammad, religion and culture, Sharia, movable class systems, People of the Book
 * **Five Duties** - only one God, Muhammad is the messenger, daily prayer, giving charity to the poor, fasting from sunrise to sundown during the holy month of Ramadan, Haji, pilgrimage to Mecca
 * **People of the Book** - Jews, Christians, and Muslims, all monotheistic, sacred text
 * **Sharia -** the Islamic system of law, interpreting the Quran, and applying teachings to daily life
 * **Caliph -** Successor to Muhammad, head of Islam
 * **Sunni -** felt the caliphs should be chosen by the leaders of the Muslim community, leader but not religious authority, 85% of Muslims are Sunni
 * **Shiites -** Said only true successors to the Prophet are descendants of Muhammad, divinely inspired, 10% of Muslims are Shiites
 * **Schism -** Separation or disagreement between parties
 * **Sufis** - Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through meditatio, fasting, and other rituals, had piety and miraculous powers
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Umayyads** - family that set up a dynasty after Ali's death, spectacular conquests that spread Islam
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Sultan** - authority (like emperor or king) of Muslims
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Dar al-Islam** - Abode of Islam, area of Islam
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Sakk** - Arabic word, check
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Calligraphy** - the art of beautiful handwriting, Muslims perfected the skill
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Arabesque** - an intricate design composed of curved lines that suggest floral shapes
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Al-jabr** - Arabic word, algebra
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Hindu-Muslim differences** - old vs. new, polytheistic vs. monotheistic, many sacred texts vs. one sacred texts, statues of gods and goddesses vs. no representations
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Suleiman the Magnificent** - sultan who led Islam through its golden age
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Mosque** - houses of worship in Muslim culture
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Allah** - God in Arabic
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Hijra** - Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina, turning point for Islam, every Muslim must make the journey
 * <span style="color: #ff9c00; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Medina** - Yathrib, where Muhammad came, center of Islam

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Major concepts

 * <span style="color: #005bff; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Five pillars** - codes of law and religion that dictate daily life of Muslims. Islam is a religion and a way of life, a culture. 1.) Shahdah - there is only one God, Allah. Muhammad is his messenger. This means Islam is monotheistic, there is no idol worship. 2.) Haji - pilgrimage to Mecca. This means to show respect to Allah and remember your history. 3.) Sawm - fasting during holy month of Ramadan. This means refrain from greed, have self-control. 4.) Zakat - give 25% of wealth to the needy. This means don't be greedy. 5.) Salah - pray 5 times a day. This means showing respect, stop what you are doing and refocus on God.
 * <span style="color: #005bff; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**People of the Book** - Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are very alike. They are all monotheistic and believe in one God. They all believe in the 10 Commandments and involve a personal relationship with God. Beliefs of Jesus and the Virgin Mary differ.
 * <span style="color: #005bff; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Muslim- Hindu differences** - two very different religions that collided and even mixed (Sikhism) when Islam pushed into India (see vocab).
 * <span style="color: #005bff; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Muslim Golden Age** - math, medicine, astronomy, philosophy, guilds, calligraphy, arabesque, mosques, domes, minarets, House of Wisdom, literature, sakk, al-jabr.
 * <span style="color: #005bff; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Spread of Islam** - North Africa, India, Arabia, Middle East.
 * <span style="color: #005bff; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Diversity** - Islam and Hinduism met to form a unique religious and political situation and even developed a new religion, Sikhism, a combination of the two.
 * <span style="color: #005bff; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Islam as a lifestyle** - Islam is as much a culture as a religion. In addition to dictating worship, it affects people's daily lives. It even has its own leaders and a body of law developed from interpretations of the Quran.

<span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Mini DBQ
<span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**The spread of Islam through trade routes.** Trade allowed for the expansion of the Muslim empire. *Note how Islam has even pushed into Spain. Islam is the only religion ever to threaten Christianity. The Muslim advance into Western Europe through Spain was halted in the Battle of Tours in 732*

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">** Muslim calligraphy**. Islamic people mastered the art of calligraphy and used it as religious art because they could not depict Allah or Muhammad.

**An Islamic mosque.** An example of the strides Muslims made in art and architecture. The dome and the minaret are examples of classic Muslim architecture.

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 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Islam is a way of life not just a religion!! This is really important to know because it shapes the Muslim way of life. It dictates what they do every day, how they govern themselves, what they eat, when they do certain things, etc. It allowed them to conquer and rule such a large area because it was also an organized government. It may be based on a belief in Allah, but it influences their culture.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Islam is very tolerant. They are very accepting of many different peoples, and show special acceptance of "The People of the Book," Christians, Jews, and, of course, Muslims. Their religious tolerance led them to treat conquered people very well and govern their massive empire effectively.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Hindu and Muslim differences. These two religions came in contact when Islamic forces attempted to conquer parts of India. The religions clashed because they were opposite (see above). However, the two religions learned to coexist and even combined to form Sikhism, a new religion. The two very different ways of life learned to interact peacefully.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">The Islamic golden age. Strides were made in many fields. In medicine (//Canon on Medicine//), astronomy (figured out the circumfrence of the Earth), philosophy (investigated the concepts of bias, exaggeration, and over confidence) ; in the economy (farms and agriculture, guilds and artisans, and trade caravans); in art (arabesque, calligraphy); in architecture (House of Wisdom library and university, mosques, domes, minarets); in literature (//Book of Kings//, //Arabian Nights//); and in math (algebra, banking checks). The Abbassids led Islam through its golden age.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">The five pillars. Know what the pillars are and what they mean (how they fit into Islamic life).
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">The Islamic religion forbids idol worship. Muslims cannot create representations of Muhammad or Allah. This is one of the reasons that calligraphy is so important - because it allows for religious expression.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">The history of Islam. Muhammad, his vision, and his journey from Mecca to Medina, the hijra. The hijra was a turning point for Islam, and the religion became widely accepted.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Shiites vs. Sunnis. Sunni felt that the caliph (successor to Muhammad) should be chosen by the leaders of the Muslim community. They also believed that the caliph was simply a leader, not a religious authority. The Shiites thought the only true caliph had to be directly descended from Muhammad and the the caliph was divinely inspired. Also know the Sufi, mystics, who communicated with Allah through meditation, fasting, and other rituals.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">The beliefs of Islam. Islam is monotheistic and the sacred text is the Quran. People are responsible for their actions and Allah is all-powerful and compassionate. There is Heaven and Hell and Judgement Day. Follow the Five Pillars and no representations of Allad or Muhammad (no idol worship). Muhammad is the prophet and mosques are houses of worship. The class-system is moveable, and the Sharia is the body of law.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Islam is the religion. Muslims are the people who follow Islam!!!!!**

<span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Extra links
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