Classical+India+and+China

=__Classical India And China__ by Rebecca and Izzy =   =//**Vocabulary Words: (By Rebecca)**// =

=
-Buddhism : Reject the priests, formal rituals, and many gods of Hinduism. Wanted people to seek enlightenment through meditation. Rejected the caste system. Offered the hope of nirvana to all regardless of birth.======

-Philosophy : system of ideas 
  =//**Beliefs System:** // = **green:** important concepts/terms
 * blue: ** important people

=***Both Hinduism and Buddhism stressed nonviolence and believed in karma, dharma, moksha, and a cycle of rebirth.*** =


 * =Hinduism =
 * ======Main goal is to achieve moksha, union with Brahman . They are able to do this by obeying the law of karma.======
 * ======Important gods:======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Brahma - the Creator======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Vishnu - the Preserver======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Shiva - the Destroyer======
 * ======Hindu teachings were recorded in sacred texts such as the Vedas and Upanishads======
 * ======Ahimsa- Nonviolence======
 * =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Buddhism: =
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism.======
 * ======Four Noble Truths- Overcome desire by following the <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Eightfold Path ======
 * ======Final goal is <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Nirvana ======
 * ======Rejected the Cast system, priests, formal rituals, many gods of Hinduism======
 * ======Seek enlightenment through meditation======

=//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); text-align: center; display: block;">Major Concepts (By Rebecca and Izzy) //= **<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">green: ** important concepts/terms
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">blue: ** important people

= = = =
 * =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The Mauryans: =
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Chandragupta Maurya- maintained an organized bureaucracy, effective rule======
 * ======Gained power in Ganges Valley======
 * ======Conquered Northern India======
 * ======From 321 to 185 B.C, the Maurya Dynasty ruled under a united empire======
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;">**Asoka:**
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px;">Great leader of the Maurya Dynasty <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> ======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Chandragupta's grandson======
 * ======Converted to Buddhism======
 * ======Rejected violence======
 * ======Ruled by moral example======
 * ======Became vegetarian and limited Hindu animal sacrifices======
 * ======Sent <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">missionaries to spread Buddhism across India======
 * ======His rule brought peace and prosperity and helped unite the diverse people within his Empire======
 * ======After <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Asoka's death, Maurya power declined======
 * =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Decline of Maurya Empire :=
 * ======Rival princes battled for power across the northern plain======
 * ======Distance and cultural differences separated the peoples of the north and the people of the Deccan Plateau in the South======
 * ======Foreign invaders pushed through mountain passes into northern India and divided kingdom======
 * =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The Guptas: =
 * ======Strong central government in a period of great culturel acheivments======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Trade and farming flourished across the Gupta Empire======
 * ======Advances in learning, architecture and arts======
 * ======Gupta India declined under the pressure of weak rulers, civil war and foreign invaders======
 * =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Complex Caste System: =
 * ======Linked to Hindu beliefs======
 * ======Rules governed every aspect of life======
 * ======Rules forbade marrying outside one's caste======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Untouchables -lowest-ranked outcastes, life was harsh and strict======
 * ======Karma determined their caste======
 * ======Believed that people could reach a higher state in the future by faithfully fulfilling duties of their caste======
 * =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Family Life: =
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Patriarchal - father or oldest male in the family headed the household======
 * ======Parents arranged their children's marriages======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Dowry - bride's family provided this payment to the bridegroom======
 * ======Women were restricted to home and when they went outside they had to cover themselves from head to foot======
 * ======Women's primary duties- marry, show devotion to husband, and raise children======
 * =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Philosophy and Religion in China: =
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Confucius - stressed the <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">5 relationships : Father--son, elder brother---younger brother, husband---wife,ruler---subject, and friend---friend (he believed that everyone had duties and responsibilities)======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Filial Pity - respect for parents above all other duties (Confucianism)======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Hanfeizi - believed that the only way to achieve order is to pass strict laws and impose harsh punishments, this is called <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Legalism ======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Laozi - sought to live in harmony and nature, founder of Daoism======
 * ======The Dao- "the way"======
 * ======<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Daoism - rejected conflict and strife, wanted to end the conflict between human desire and the simple ways of nature======
 * ======Missionaries and merchants spread Mahayana Buddhism from India into China======
 * ======Chinese traditions valued family loyalty while Buddhism honored monks and nuns who gave up benefits of family life for meditation======
 * =<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Strong Rulers Unite China: =
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Shi Huangdi - built the strong authoiritatian government of the <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Qin dynasty
 * Great Wall of China- biggest achievement
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Liu Bang - power was based on the<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"> Mandate of Heaven
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Wudi - most famous Han emperor
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Silk Road -opened up a trade route, linked China to the Fertile Crescent in SW Asia (Han Dynasty)
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Han Golden Age - Achievements in Science, Medicine (acupuncture), Technology, and Art

=**//<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center; display: block;">The 10 Most Important Pieces of Information You Need to Know (By Izzy) //**= <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> = =
 * 1) ======Hinduism has a caste system. They believe in reincarnation, karma, dharma, and moksha======
 * 2) ======Buddhism's final goal is Nirvana======
 * 3) ======Indians advanced in astronomy, mathematics, and medicine======
 * 4) ======Silk roads were trading routes to bring silk from China to Asia and Rome======
 * 5) ======You should know all of the Chinese dynasties======
 * 6) ======Agriculture was the most important and honored occupation in Chinese culture======
 * 7) ======You should know the three most important hindu gods. (Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu)======
 * 8) ======Chandragupta and Chandra Gupta have no relation (know their differences and which Empires they were part of)======
 * 9) ======Know the aspects to a strong government======
 * 10) ======Understand the Mauryan Empire, Han Dynasty, and Gupta Empire (very important)======

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"> =// **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); text-align: center; display: block;">Mini DBQ (By Rebecca) ** //=

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"> =

=<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"> = =<span style="color: rgb(158, 51, 158); font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; background-color: rgb(246, 183, 183);"> = = =

=
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum located in Agra, India. It is considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Ottoman, India and Islamic agricultural styles.======

=
<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Think about this <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">... What brought on these advances in learning? How did these advances in architecture, learning, literature and art effect Indian Life? ======



=
The Great Wall of China is a series of stone fortifications in northern China. It was built and rebuilt in northern China to protect the borders of the Chinese Empire from attacks. The most famous is the wall built by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang.======

=
<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">How about this <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">... Why did Chinese people accept Buddhism? How did Legalism, Daoism and Confucianism differ in their views on government? ======

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">

=
"Le Hao, the [chief official] of T'un-hwang, had supplied them with the means of crossing the desert before them, in which there were many evil demons and hot winds. Travelers who encounter them perish all to a man. There is not a bird to be seen in the air above, nor an animal on the ground below. Though you look all round most earnestly to find where you can cross, you know not where to make your choice, the only mark and indication being the dry bones of the dead left upon the sand."======

-Faxian, //A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms//
=__**//<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center; display: block;">Helpful Links (By Izzy) //**__= [|Chinese Dynasties]

[|India and China Quiz]

[|india flashcards]