Geography+and+the+Start+of+Civilization-By+Madeline+Cormier+Rutan+and+Trina+Rachel+Langsenkamp



__ //**Understanding Our Past **// __ 1. **Anthropology** - The scientific study of the origin of the physical, social, and cultural development and behavior of man. 2. **Artifacts** - Objects produced or shaped by human workmanship 3. **Culture** - the socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other human work and thought of community. 4. **Technology** - Applications of science to industrial of commercial objectives. 5. **Nomads** - A group of people who have no fixed home and move from place to place in search of food and water 6. **Paleolithic Age** - Cultural period beginning with early tools, 750,000 years ago until 15,000 years ago. 7. **Neolithic Age** - Cultural period beginning in 10,000 B.C. in Middle East, invention of farming. 8. **Fossil** - A remnant or trace of an organism of a past geological age such as a skeleton or a leaf imprint. 9. **Hunter-Gathers** - A person who hunts and gathers for a food supply 10. **Slash/burn farming** - Farming technique where fire is used to clear fields. 11. **Domestication** - Taming of animals for human use. 12. **BCE/CE** - Before Common Era/Common Era.

__//**5 Themes of Geography **//__ 1. **Location** - a place of settlement, activity or residence 2. **Place** - a particular portion of space, whether definite or indefinite extent 3. **Region** - an extensive, continuous part of a surface, space or body 4. **Human Environment Interaction** - how humans and the environment effect eachother throughout history 5. **Movement** - the progress of events and the movement of people across continents

__8 Elements of a Civilization__ //** 1. **Cities**- centers of population, commerce, and culture 2. **Well Organized Central Government** - the control and administration of public policies and laws 3. **Complex Religions/Belief Systems** - some sort of organized belief in someone or something 4. **Job Specialization -** people have specific jobs needed for the community to run smoothly and efficiently 5. **Social Classes** - different ranks divide the people into groups of people with the same status 6. **Arts and Architecture** - buildings and some aknowledgement of decorations/depictions or any type of art 7. **Public Works** - jobs supplied by gov't or leaders of civilization that benefit the community 8. **Writing Records Kept **- journals or books kept of important dates or official business



 

__//**Top Ten Things To Know About Start of Civilizations**//__ **1. First Civilizations:** Tigris/Euphrates River Valley, Nile River Valley, Indus River Valley, Yellow River Valley.


 * 2. Purpose of Location:** You may notice that all of the first civilizations began on rivers. Rivers provided the basis needs to sustain human life such as water for drinking, food, transportation, and fertile soil.


 * 3. Neolithic Revolution:** During the Paleolithic Age, people were nomadic, meaning they didn't settle in one spot but instead they went from place to place in search for food. The Neolithic Age was when people started to settle and start civilizations.


 * 4. Which Came First?** An easy way to remember which time period was the start of civilizations and which one came before that is in the names. If you think of the Neolithic as the NEWolithic time period, you will remember that it came after the Paleolithic Age and was the start of NEW tools and farming methods.


 * 5. Key Inventions:** A lot of things we use today were created during the Neolithic Revolution. Things use every single day like writing, record keeping, even calendars, were invented in the first civilizations.


 * 6. Formation of Government:** When the early settlers discovered that floods helped provide fertile soil, they also found that they caused problems as well. To solve these problems, small governments were formed to help direct the construction if the projects. Historians believe that this was the beginning of the ideals of governments.


 * 7. What We Got:** Out of the Neolithic Age not only came new inventions and technologies, but new ideas such as the domestication of animals.

civilization or geography element. Place is the human or physical attributes of the area.
 * 8. Difference Between Location And Place:** In the 5 themes of geography, Location is the absolute or relative location of a


 * 9. The Importance of Jobs:** Job specialization helped to expand the growth of the products and populations of cities. Because people could branch out to new professions, tool makers and artisans began to perfect their trade.


 * 10. How It Applies Today:** Not only did we gain countless inventions from the Neolithic Revolution, it is important to see how else the Themes of Geography and Elements of Civilizations are still valid in todays world. Think of your own town and you can see that there are aspects of all of the terms in everything we do!

Mini DBQ: __//**
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<span style="display: block; color: rgb(128,0,128); font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: left;"> Civilizations primarily originated surrounding river valleys that helped sustain life. Without the rivers, the early humans would not have been able to begin growing crops and transfer from nomads to more domestic people. Also the river valleys provided food, water and transportation to the new inhabitants.

<span style="color: rgb(128,0,128); font-family: Georgia,serif;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128,0,128); font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: left;">Cave drawings have been discovered dating back nearly 32,000 years ago. It is believed that these were drawn for religious, communicative and artistic reasons. One of the most famous caves is the cave of Lascaux. It was found in France in 1940 by four teenage boys and has since then been observed by the biggest names in archeaology.

<span style="color: rgb(128,0,128); font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Hieroglyphics were the ancient form of writing used in Egypt. Instead of using letters to indicate words, strings of pictures would dipict stories. This form of writing has been found on the walls of pyramids and other ancient structures in Egypt.

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